Intelligent Monitoring and Differential Protection Systems for Electrocution Prevention in Modern Electrical Installations

This paper proposes a technological transition in the field of electrical safety, shifting from purely reactive protection systems (RCD, MCB) to an intelligent mechatronic architecture capable of active diagnosis and prevention. Although classic residual current devices provide essential protection against electrocution, they present critical limitations caused by the lack of visual feedback and the inability to detect low-level leakage currents that precede insulation degradation. To overcome these barriers, we developed a digitized system based on a high-frequency sampled microcontroller that continuously monitors the residual current and classifies it into three risk tiers (Nominal Safety, Preventive Maintenance, and Imminent Danger). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed prototype not only instantly isolates the circuit in under 30 ms upon exceeding the critical 30 mA threshold, but also introduces the concept of predictive maintenance through its OLED interface and acoustic alerts. This pre-alarm functionality prevents unplanned technological downtime and optimizes service interventions in industrial environments, transforming electrical safety from a last-resort mechanism into a transparent and manageable process.