Integrated Dynamic Risk Assessment Model for Bank Stabilization Works

Bank stabilization works represent one of the most hazardous activities in the construction sector, particularly in the context of deep excavations and variable geotechnical conditions. Although effective technical solutions exist, accidents continue to occur due to the complex interaction between technical, organizational, and human factors. In this context, the paper proposes an original dynamic risk assessment model – MIP‑SM (Integrated Prevention Model – Bank Stabilization). The model integrates three main risk components and introduces a dynamic component based on changes in site conditions. In addition, a simplified digital implementation method is proposed, based on an Excel/Google Sheets calculator, which allows rapid risk assessment and continuous updating. The results highlight the usefulness of the model in accident prevention and in supporting the decision‑making process on construction sites.